REFERENCES
Located under each source is a list of the country signs identified by the source. For signs that have variations or that differentiate between the ASL sign and indigenous sign, the number of the variation is included in the resources list. Several signs have been cross-referenced and are listed under multiple sources to provide credibility and validity as a widely accepted sign. To easily find a specific country, press Ctrl+F and type the name of the country. Click Next to see each source under which the country appears.
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•Alexsalados. (2008, January 8). Lengua de señas de Chile [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPoYNgI7NxM
Chile
•Bar-Tzur, David. (n.d.). Indigenous signs for countries by region. Retrieved August 6, 2009 from http://www.theinterpretersfriend.org/indj/cntry/toc.html
Algeria (2) Libya
Angola Macedonia
Belize Malta (2)
Benin Mauritania
Botswana (2) Montenegro (1)
Bulgaria (3) Myanmar/Burma
Burkina Faso Nambia
Comoros Niger
Czech Republic (2) Nigeria
Costa Rica Pakistan (variation)
Côte d'Ivoire Romania (2)
Eritrea Rwanda (1)
Ethiopia Samoa
Gabon Serbia
Gambia, The Tahiti
Ghana Togo
Guatemala Zambia (variation)
Guinea Zimbabwe
Honduras
Lithuania (variation)
•Berlin. (2004). Dutch-Flemish Sign Language Dictionary. Retrieved January 24, 2010 from http://gebaren.ugent.be/alfabet.php?id=17255
•Bigelow, Tim (ASL interpreter/ASL teacher). (2009, September 16). Email communication about the sign used in Yap, Micronesia in his position as Deaf Education supervisor.
Micronesia
•Bonjour, Joseph (ASL interpreter). (2009, August 23). Personal communication regarding signs learned from an Irish Deaf video relay caller and from a workshop.
Dublin
Trinidad and Tobago
•Bothel, Kelly, & Webb, Alaina. (2009). Proceedings from the 2009 Texas Society of Interpreters for the Deaf Conference: Social Studies in a Post 9/11 World: Vocabulary and Concepts You Can Use. South Padre Island, Texas.
*Click here for the list of resources used for this workshop
Abu Dhabi Lebanon
Afghanistan (1) Libya (1)
Amman London
Azerbaijan (1) Madrid
Baghdad Morocco
Beirut Oman
Cairo Palestine
Damascus Qatar
Egypt (indigenous, 1) Saudi Arabia
Iran Riyadh
Iraq Spain
Israel Sudan
Jerusalem Syria
Jordan United Arab Emirates
Kazakhstan Yemen
Kuwait
•Bowlingnut77. (2009, January 23). Gallaudet Vlog 2: International Interpreting [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NII70uHRPKQ
Mongolia
•Brown, Diane (Deaf). (2009, August 9). Personal communication regarding her daughter living in Taiwan.
Tai Pei
•Bruffey, Elizabeth (Gallaudet Graduate, ASL Interpreter). (Fall 2005). Personal communication.
Pakistan (1)
•Burns, Brent (Deaf). (2005, September 4). Texas State Technical College, Waco, Texas. Personal communication.
Sweden
•CMcFly. (2007, June 30). Himno Argentino en Lenguaje de señas [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4ZrrJ1El6c
Argentina (indigenous)
•Cobb, Peggy (ASL interpreter). Personal communication, 2005, October 22.
Hong Kong
•Demant, Aline (Hearing Brazilian, conversant in Brazilian sign). (Fall 2008). Personal communication.
Brazil
•Dickens, Matt (Deaf). (2009, August 27). Personal communication about experience at Siena Summer School in Italian Deaf Culture
Florence
Italy (2)
Milan
Venice (2)
•Downie, Derek (Deaf). (2009, August 25). Personal communication about the sign a Cuban Deaf friend used.
Cuba (indigenous)
•Dunnam, Marie (ASL Interpreter). (2009, August 23). Personal communication regarding signs used by Deaf students at Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Deaf.
Afghanistan (4)
•Ecuadordeaf. (2007, November 15). Deaf in Chile [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAMl8EchV7U&feature=channel_page
Chile
Santiago
•Ecuadordeaf. (2007, October 30). Job in Argentina [Video File] Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8mEwoCBQZI&feature=channel_page
Argentina
Buenos Aires
•Ecuadordeaf. (2008, February 19). Uruguay Deaf Missions [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjSYD9bosQc&feature=channel_page
Uruguay
Montevideo
•Ecuadordeaf. (2008, January 4). Paraguay Deaf Missions [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57fKoOGmh7M
Paraguay
•Fontaine, Aaron (Deaf). (2006, November 6). Personal communication.
Thailand
Vietnam (ASL: 1)
•Gambian Association of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. (2006). Gambian Sign Language and Books. Retrieved August 17, 2009 from http://www.gadhoh.com/Sign%20books/book%201/29%20countries%201.jpg
Gambia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
•Gnarlydork (Deaf graduate student at Gallaudet). (n.d.). Video file on You Tube no longer available.
Turkey (1)
•Granada, José (2007). Cities, States, and Countries [DVD]. United States: Filmsmith Productions.
Afghanistan (5) Mexico (1,2)
Brazil (1) Nicaragua (3)
Canada Panama
Costa Rica Paris (indigenous)
Cuba (ASL variation using "B") Peru (variation)
Czech (3) Poland (ASL)
England (ASL) Portugal (1,2)
Europe Puerto Rico (ASL and variation)
Finland Rome (indigenous)
France (ASL) Russia (old ASL, new ASL)
Great Britain (ASL) Scotland (1,2)
Greece (ASL) Sicily
Haiti (2,3,) Spain
Havana Sweden
Hong Kong Tokyo
India (ASL) Toronto (1,2)
Italy (1,2) Trinidad and Tobago
Jamaica Venice (1)
London
Madrid (variation)
•Hassan, Nabil Mohammed. (2007). Arab indicative dictionary. Retrieved August 7, 2009 from http://www.menasy.com/index.html
Abu Dhabi Lebanon
al Manamah Libya (1)
Algeria (2) Morocco
Amman Muscat
Baghdad Oman
Bahrain Palestine
Beirut Qatar
Cairo Rabat
Damascus Riyadh
Doha Sana
Egypt (indigenous 1) Saudi Arabia (1)
Eritrea Sudan
Iraq (indigenous) Syria
Jerusalem (1) Tarables
Jordan Tunisia
Khartoum United Arab Emirates (2)
Kuwait (1) Yemen
•Hedberg, Tomas & Japan Institute for Sign Language Studies. (2003). Países (Country Name-Signs). (Yutaka Osugi, Ed.). Japan: World Federation of the Deaf.
*Note: See http://www.cultura-sorda.eu/resources/WFDeaf_Senas_Paises.pdf
Albania (1 & indigenous) Latvia
Algeria (2) Lebanon (indigenous)
Andorra (indigenous) Libya (1)
Argentina (indigenous) Liechtenstein
Armenia (indigenous variation) Lithuania (variation)
Australia (new) Luxembourg (indigenous)
Austria (including variation) Macau
Azerbaijan (2) Macedonia (indigenous)
Bangladesh Malawi
Belarus Malaysia
Belgium (1) Malta (indigenous)
Belize Martinique
Bermuda Mexico (indigenous)
Bolivia (variation) Moldova
Bosnia (indigenous) Monaco (indigenous 1,2)
Botswana (2) Mongolia (indigenous)
Brazil Montenegro (indigenous)
Bulgaria (indigenous) Morocco
Burkina Faso Mozambique (2)
Cambodia (1) Myanmar
Cameroon Namibia
Canada Nepal
Cape Verde Netherlands
Chile New Caledonia
China (indigenous/ASL’s Beijing) New Zealand
Colombia Nicaragua (2)
Congo Northern Ireland
Costa Rica Norway
Croatia Pakistan (variation)
Cuba (ASL) Palestine
Cyprus Panama
Czech (2) Paraguay
Denmark Peru (variation)
Dominica (1) Philippines (variation)
Ecuador Poland (indigineous)
Egypt (indigenous 1) Portugal (indigenous)
El Salvador (indigenous) Puerto Rico
England (indigenous) Reunion
Eritrea (indigenous variation) Romania (1)
Estonia Russia (new ASL variation)
Ethiopia (2) Rwanda (2)
Faeroe Islands San Marino
Fiji (variation, 2) Saudi Arabia (1)
Finland Scandinavia
France Scotland (2)
Gambia Serbia (indigenous)
Georgia Singapore (1)
Germany (indigenous 1) Slovakia (indigenous)
Ghana Slovenia (indigenous)
Great Britain South Africa
Greece (indigenous) Spain
Greenland Sri Lanka (variation 2)
Guinea Sudan
Guyana Sweden
Haiti Switzerland
Herzegovina Syria
Honduras Taiwan
Hong Kong Thailand
Hungary (variation 1,2) Tunisia (2)
Iceland Turkey (2)
India (1) Turkmenistan
Indonesia Uganda
Iran Ukraine (1)
Iraq (indigenous) United Arab Emirates (3)
Ireland (indigenous 1) United States of America
Israel (3) Uruguay
Italy (2) Uzbekistan
Jamaica Vatican City
Japan Venezuela
Jordan Vietnam (indigenous: 1,2)
Kazakhstan Vojvodina
Kenya (1) Wales
Korea Yugoslavia
Kosovo Zambia
Kuwait (1) Zimbabwe
Laos
Estonia
•Kuifje75 (Deaf). (2006, December 7). Asian Countries in ASL [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMn1Ypd7t1Y&feature=channel_page
Afghanistan (3, variation of 2) Korea
Albania (1) Laos
Armenia Nepal
Bangladesh Pakistan
Beijing Philippines (ASL & indigenous)
Cambodia (1) Russia (old & new)
China Singapore (1,2)
India (1,2) Sri Lanka (variation)
Iran Taiwan
Iraq (2) Thailand
Japan Vietnam (ASL: 1,2)
•Kuifje75 (Deaf). (2006, December 5). European Countries in ASL [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?=W9pfaL05YtA&feature=channel_page
Austria Netherlands
Belgium (1) Norway
Bosnia (1) Poland (ASL & indigenous)
Bulgaria (1) Portugal (1,2)
Croatia Romania (1)
Czech Republic (1) Russia (new ASL)
Denmark Scotland (2)
England (1,2) Slovakia (1)
Finland Slovenia
France Spain
Germany (ASL & indigenous 1,2) Sweden
Greece (indigenous) Switzerland
Hungary (1) Turkey (2)
Iceland (1) Ukraine (1)
Ireland (1,2) Wales
Italy (1,2) Yugoslavia
Luxembourg (1)
•Lissethamaya. (2008, October 2). HIMNO NACIONAL DE EL SALVADOR (No es LESSA) National Anthem of El Salvador [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TDkaZpuLXw
El Salvador
•Mallory, Ruben (ASL interpreter). (2009). Personal communication about observation of the signs used by Deaf Costa Ricans.
San Jose
•Mikos, K., Smith, C., & Lentz, E.M. (1992). Signing Naturally, Level 2 [Video Tape]. United States: Dawn Sign Press.
Jamaica
•Nichols, Kim R (Deaf, ASL instructor). (2009) Email communication.
Dominica (2)
•Perehoduk, Lindsey (ASL interpreter). (2009). Personal communication regarding signs learned from international deaf persons and interpreters at linguistics conference in England.
Czech Republic (1)
England (indigenous)
Ethiopia (3)
Germany (ASL, indigenous 1)
Great Britain (indigenous)
Ireland (indigenous, 1)
London
Melbourne
Nepal
Papua New Guinea (2)
Prague
Sydney
Thailand
•Pfanner, Nancy, & Wrzesinski, Lori (ASL instructors/interpreters). Baylor University, Waco, Texas. Personal communication regarding signs learned from the Deaf during mission trips to Honduras.
Honduras
Tegucigalpa
•SebastianBurger. (2009, May 23). [Vamonos proyecto, int. signs] Informacion general [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wq85gCY1wiM
Ecuador
Peru
•Seekgeo. (2008, July 24). ASL Tour Guide Course In Nicaragua [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9ShTM6dXT8
Nicaragua (1)
•Solomon, Jessie (Hearing teacher at Texas School for the Deaf). Personal communication regarding educational mission trips to Sri Lanka, the Kenya School for the Deaf, and the Signs of Love Program for the Deaf in Honduras. Summer 2007.
Kenya (1)
Sri Lanka
Honduras
•Takagi, Moeko (Hearing Japanese woman, conversant in Japanese Sign). Personal communication, Spring 2009.
Japan
Kyoto
Tokyo
•Umberger, Larry (Deaf). Baylor University, Waco, Texas
Afghanistan (2)
Albania (2)
Algeria (1)
Andorra
Armenia (variation)
Australia (new and old)
Azerbaijan (2)
Bahamas (2)
Belarus
Belgium (2)
Belize
Bolivia (variation)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (2)
Botswana (1)
Bulgaria (2)
Cambodia (2)
Canada (note)
Chili (Old)
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Cuba (ASL)
Cyprus (1)
Czech Republic (3)
Egypt (indigenous, 2,3)
El Salvador (variation 1)
Ethiopia (1)
Fiji (1,2)
France (indigenous)
Gabon
Georgia (1,2)
Guatemala
Haiti
Hungary (2)
Iceland (2)
Indonesia
Ireland (note)
Kenya (2,3)
Korea (note)
Korea, North
Kuwait (2)
Latvia
Lebanon (variation)
Libya (2)
Lithuania
Luxembourg (2)
Malta (1)
Moldova
Monaco
Namibia
New Zealand
Nicaragua (2)
Nigeria
Pakistan (2)
Papua New Guinea (1)
Philippines (1)
Ukraine (2)
Uzbekistan
Zambia
•Walker, Julie (ASL Interpreter). (2009, September, 16). Personal communication about signs learned from a Deaf Jamaican man.
Jamaica
Kingston
Montego Bay
•Walker, Steven (Gallaudet Deaf Interpreter). (n.d.). American Sign Language for Countries and Geographical Areas. Needs Outreach. Retrieved from http://www.needsoutreach.org/Pages/sign-cntry.html
America/United States of America India (ASL 1)
Argentina (ASL) Iran
Austria (sign and its variation) Ireland (ASL)
Australia (shows old and new) Jamaica
Bahamas (1) Japan
Belgium (1) Korea (add NORTH or SOUTH)
Bolivia Malaysia
Brazil (2) Mexico (1)
Canada Monte Carlo
China (ASL and indigenous/ASL's Beijing) New Zealand
Cuba (variation) Panama (variation)
Czech Republic (2) Philippines (ASL 1)
Denmark Romania (1)
Egypt (1, and variation) Scotland (1 variation, 2)
El Salvador (variation 2) Spain
England (ASL) Slovakia (2)
Finland Sweden
France Switzerland
Germany (ASL and indigenous 1) Thailand
Greece (ASL and indigenous) Venezuela
Holland/Netherlands (1,2) Yugoslavia